salam... cerita ini pull karangan anak hayalan yang lagi berimajinasi dengan kata – kata. Tidak ada persyaratan khusus seperti EYD atau yang lainnya. Persahabatan yang awalnya tidak pernah diduga. Akhirnya mencuat juga ke permukaan bumi persada. Saling hantam, bantu, terkadang banting memang sudah biasa pertama-pertama mereka jumpa. Mari f5 otak dari segala kejenuhan enter dengan banyak lelucon segar save untuk kembali start dengan program yang sudah selesai instal.
TTM
(Temennya Tukang Menyelinap)
Ada nga yah??? Ada bisa nga juga boleh... maksudnya... Di dunia ini orang ketemuan kabur-kaburan…. Facebook pantas jadi tersangka utama. Kasus ini sangat berat… berat sekali di hati…. Se-2 orang bocah berkenalan dengan se-2 orang bocah pula, maka saling kenal lah mereka, telfonan sering, sms-an apalagi. Berikut para bio-data-nya….
Beri nama Aad and Anan sama Titin and Vina
Adney Gonza Fausta :paling tua…. Paling gedhe, and paling gombal.. Master of main hati, terkadang kalem tapi lebih sering cikakakan lo ngomong,,, pecinta Chelsea benci banget barca…. paling takut kalo lampu mati and langsung jambret HP then ngontact 3 temenny. Ganteng??? yaaaaa boleh lah tapi kembang dikit (nduut) sorry br0 ;) .panggilan setiap hari Aad.
Next….
Reynard Huga Kagami : no. 2. Ngakunya pejabat, Cuma takut ama dua orang penting (KPK dan DPR), pecinta AC Milan. Paling jahil and ketawa sampe bikin retak telinga, berani kelas kakap… suka ngomporin. Embernya minta ampppuuunnn… Ganteng sih tapi suka ngambek…. Boleh di sapa Anan
Lanjut....
Aathifah Faustine Raina :paling kecil sukanya ngupil dimana ada lowongan, makanan sehari-hari HP ma kerupuk, suara membelah angkasa melebihi kapasitas badannya… hobinya lari ketemu Aad ma Anan… nge-fans ma pemain bola apalagi Barca… cantik sikik lah with the nick name Titin
Terakhir...
Gaozhan Lavina Clarance : 3 diatas gila plus suka main bola. Yang ini nga suka main bola kaki but sukanya main bola mata (jatuhnya main hati ->> ciaha...... kress)ma main kata-kata, sekilas jutek tapi nga jelek. Panggilannya Vina dan Hobby teriak bicara kenceng nga putus-putus.,, suka kabor lo ketemu Aad and Anan… cantik juga lah..
4 anak ini putih-putih semua. Tinggi menengah ke-atas lah. Tinggal di pinggiran semua.. pinggiran kali, gunung, perkebunan, and peternakan. ya.. nga bisa di bilang kota tapi terlalu sayang dikate kampung..
Ok, Perkenalan dicukupkan, now we come into the next topic…. Awal pertama jumpa…… sejarah turunnya cerita.....
KENYANG
Kenalan lewat FB.... eh salah, lewat jaringan maksudnya..... Tepatnya HP hmmm... tunggu – tunggu, kayaknya pernah sekelas. Cuma belum terlalu kenal.... setahun kemudian barulah ada hasrat untuk nambah jaringan (sinyal bo’) maksudnya kenalan satu sama lainnya. Coz, Vina sukanya bermain kata” kayaknya nyambung lo cerita ma Aad. Eh.... akhirnya deket ama Titin..... Vina n Titin dua sekawan yang ngaku udah punya pasangan hidup masing-masing di http//dunia-ayal.com. menurut mereka masa depan itu ditangan tuhan, kita hanya menjalani dan berbakti pada sesama.
A.There are magazines for general reader as well as for the reader with a special interest. A news magazine gives article on current event. A digest is a magazine that contains shortened article from other magazine. Then there are magazine that give the news in pictures rather than article. A reader whose special interests in music may subscribe to music magazine. It contains article on music and gives comment on recent musical events. Women may subscribe to a magazine that is specially published for them, which usually contains article on dressmaking, cooking, flower arranging and the like children of cause, like to read entertaining material like newspaper, magazine can bought at the news star or the book store. Readers may also have them delivered to their homes.
Topic sentence: There are magazines for general reader as well as for thereader with a special interest.
Supporting details:- A news magazine give article on current event.
- Give the news in pictures rather than article.
B.Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristic. Firstof all. Gold has lustrous beauty that is resistance to corrosion, therefore, if is suitable for jewelry. Coins, and ornamental propose. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty three centuries age. Another important characteristic of gold is it’s usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial astronaut’s suits. Astronaut wear gold plate head shield for protection outside spaceships. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only fir it’s beauty also for it’s utility.
Topic sentence: Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristic.
Supporting details: - Gold has lustrous beauty that is resistance to corrosion.
- Usefulness to industry and science.
C.If you have are given a specific writing assignments (such as essay on an examination). Then, of course what you can write about is limited. On the other hand, when you are given a free choice of topic to a particular aspect of that general subject suppose to you are interested in the environment. It would be impossible to cover such a big topic in paragraph. You would have to narrow the topic to perhaps environment pollution, if that is you interest. Environment pollution now ever is still too broad a topic for a paragraph. So you might even further narrow the topic to a type of environment pollution, such as pollution of the ocean. However, writing about a ocean pollution is still too broad because it would include pollution by oil. Chemicals sewage and garbage. Therefore, you might decide to write about oil as a source of ocean narrower by writing only about the effect of oil spill on sea life. The paint is, you must narrow the subject of you paragraph to a specific focus so that you can write about it clearly and completely.
Topic sentence:How to understand a specific writing assignments (such as essay on an examination) like environment pollution .
Supporting details:- Suppose to you are interested in the environment when youare given a free choiceof topic.
- Decide to write about oil as a source of ocean narrower by writing only about the effect of oil spill on sea life
D.Dolphin are interesting because the display almost human behavior at time. For example, they display the human emotions of joy and sadness. During training, when they do something correctly, the squall excitedly and race toward tiers trainer. When they make a mistake, however they droop noticeably and mope around theirs pool. Furthermore, they help each other when they are in trouble. If one is sick, it send out a massage and other the area swim to help it. They push it to the surface of the water so that it can breathe, they stay with it for days or weeks, until it recovers or dies. They have also helped trapped or whales navigate their way safety out to the open seed. They are so intelligent and helpful, in fact that the US navy is training them to become underwater bomb disposal expects.
Topic sentence: Dolphin are interesting because the display almost human behavior at time.
Supporting details: - Do something correctly, the squall excitedly and race toward tiers trainer.
- Help each other when they are in trouble.
E.In the relatively short span of sixty years, there has been an incredible evolution in the size and capabilities of computers. Today, computer chips smaller than the chip of your fingernail has the same capabilities as the room sized machines of years ago. The first computers were developed around 1945. they were so large that the required special air conditioned rooms. About twenty years later, in the 1960 desk sized computer were developed. This representated a gigantic advance. Before the end of that some decide however, a child generation of computer, which use simple integrated circuits and which were even smaller and faster. One square centimeter in size was developed today modern microprocessor contain as many as 10 million transistor and the number of transistor and the computational speed of microprocessor doubles every eighteen months.
Topic sentence: There has been an incredible evolution in the size and capabilities of computers.
Supporting details: - Computer chips smaller than the chip of your fingernail.
Vocabulary is one of the fundamentals of English. Students need to be prepared with a wide and vivid vocabulary to compete in the world's marketplace. The challenge of teaching vocabulary is creating lesson plans that are both effective and entertaining.
The Importance of Vocabulary :
The singular importance of vocabulary has become a powerful insight to raising achievement.
The words we know help us organize our learning.
The creation of labels (words) is our tool for increasing learning.
Vocabulary instruction should be a focal point of learning, especially for students impacted by poverty.
Vocabulary instruction is an excellent advance organizer but also must be taught in context.
Vocabulary is critical to reading success for three reasons:
Comprehension improves when you know what the words mean. Since comprehension is the ultimate goal of reading, you cannot overestimate the importance of vocabulary development.
Words are the currency of communication. A robust vocabulary improves all areas of communication — listening, speaking, reading and writing.
How many times have you asked your students or your own children to “use your words"? When children and adolescents improve their vocabulary, their academic and social confidence and competence improve too.
A.WHAT WORDS DO WE TEACH?
Knowing what words to teach is the first step in providing effective vocabulary practice. We have a favorite mnemonic device that helps me remember the types of words we want to teach explicitly:
Type A Words: These words are like Type A personalities. They work hard in order to convey the meaning of the text being read. There are two sources for these words: Academic Language and the Content Areas. Academic Language describes the language of schooling — words used across disciplines like genre and glossary. Content Area words are specific to the discipline — words like organization in social studies and organism in science. If you want your students to “get it,” these are the must-know words.
Type B Words: These words are the Basics. There are hundreds of high-frequency words. The basics make up a large percentage of student reading and writing. Students must be able to read words like the, is, and, are, been and because — well, because.
Type C Words: The Connectors act as signal words. There may be some overlap with the basic words. Students need to understand the signals for cause and effect relationships, sequence and other important indicators of how text is organized.
Type D Words: D is for Difficult — words with multiple meanings are challenging for all students and may be especially so for English-Language Learners. You may have students who simply freeze when a question is asked such as “What are the factors that contributed to the Civil War?” However, they could have answered the question correctly if asked, “What were the causes of the Civil War?” Students may think they know the word factor — from Fear Factor on television or from factors in mathematics and yet they may be challenged when the word is used in another context.
When considering words with multiple meanings also pay attention to the consonant-vowel-consonant words children encounter when first learning to read — words like jam and ham. These words have accessible meanings if you think of the sweet, sticky stuff on toast (jam) or something you may eat with eggs in the morning (ham). It is a lot more difficult if you “elaborate” as Dr. Maryanne Wolf of TuftsUniversity describes:
So learning to decode should not be meaning-free, but should provide a great opportunity for teaching the meanings of words including multiple ones. This kind of experience with words improves comprehension.
Type X Words: X is for the eXtras. These are the words that will not be encountered frequently but in a certain story or context are important to meaning. A good example of this type of word is spindle in “Sleeping Beauty.” It is important to the fairy tale, but it is not a very high-utility word. I just tell kids what words like this mean without any special teaching.
B.HOW DO WE TEACH?
Words! Words! Words! A student’s vocabulary — the words he or she can understand when reading and listening and use when writing and speaking are critical to success in school. This is the reason vocabulary is an essential element of effective reading programs as described in up-to-date research documents. The importance of vocabulary is made clear by Dr. Catherine Snow when she presents the following on what teachers need to teach:
26 letters of the alphabet
44 phonemes
75,000 words
It is clear that teachers must teach the sounds and letters systematically and explicitly — the challenge is how to teach 75,000 words.
Most basal reading programs teach about 20 words a week for about 24 weeks. If students learn 480 words for 12 years of schooling, it will not add up to the 75,000 to 120,000 (according to various estimates) words students need to succeed. To help students develop a robust vocabulary, all teachers, at every grade and in every subject, are vocabulary teachers. The following methods are supported by the research provided in the next section.
Direct Instruction: Explicit teaching of carefully selected words improves understanding and helps students’ vocabulary grow. Often, it is best to pre-teach key words.
Wide reading:Reading of texts helps expose students to many words including rare words — not high in frequency but high in important meaning. “Time on text” will have the highest payoff in terms of helping students learn many, many words.
Words In Context: Students will learn most new words in the context of reading and writing. The two best ways I can think of to enrich the context for word learning is to read and discuss books.
Books: My favorite book of the moment for teaching vocabulary is Alvie Eats Soup by Ross Collins. Even though is it is a picture book, it could be used from kindergarten through the early middle grades with concrete words like soup to abstract ones like irony. One of my favorite parts is the many words used to express concern about Alvie’s soup diet. Students need to be systematically exposed to book knowledge by being read to and by reading text on their own. The text must be carefully selected in order to connect students’ content from all of the arts and sciences.
Talk: Try to infuse formal and informal conversation to model effective use of language and to focus on the introduction of new vocabulary. I used to write particular phrases or words to introduce each week in my lesson plan book. On one occasion when no one seemed to be doing well independently I said, “I am at the brink of my endurance!” I had everyone’s attention as they wanted to figure out what I meant. After our talk, I heard the phrase used on the playground and the individual words used in a variety of ways.
Word Study: When students learn about the parts of words, prefixes and suffixes, and about root words, they are able to figure out many new words. Also, looking at the origin of words — words from other languages — increases word and world knowledge.
Word Consciousness: Being on the lookout for words, finding out what they mean, engaging in wordplay, looking for multiple meanings and looking up words in the dictionary all support the acquisition a powerful vocabulary.
C.INSTRUCTIONS HOW TO PRACTISE VOCABULARY TO CHILDREN
Step 1
Choose a list of words to focus on that's an integral part of the students' existing curriculum. Include words that students find in their everyday lives. Provide vocabulary words that are age appropriate.
Step 2
Motivate students by creating rewards, games, puzzles and other fun activities. Mix a variety of activities centered on vocabulary to reach a broader range of students.
Step 3
Model proper use of vocabulary words. Use language creatively and with gusto. Have fun with your own vocabulary and students will want to have fun with theirs.
Step 4
Create a word wall where students write new and interesting vocabulary words. Refer to the wall often during class so students become familiar with it and its purpose.
Step 5
Quiz and test the students on their vocabulary words. Disguise the purpose, learning vocabulary, of the quiz. Explain that quizzes and tests only help the teacher know how well the students have been taught.
Step 6
Revisit old vocabulary words often. Bring them up casually in class and on quizzes. Tell students that learning does not end after the test. It is important for them to recall vocabulary words.
Kids love goofy monsters, especially ones they create themselves. Combine this love of monsters with children's love of drawing as a perfect way to teach new vocabulary to your preschooler. With just a few simple supplies and some time to be silly, you can teach vocabulary for body parts, shapes, colors and positions.
E. EXAMPLE
Step 1
Teach shape vocabulary by drawing the basic shapes on a piece of paper and naming them for the kids. Then have them draw each shape on their paper as you say its name.
Step 2
Ask the kids to turn their papers over, or give them each a new piece of paper. Explain that you will be giving them directions about what to draw and where, so they'll have to listen very carefully.
Step 3
Choose a shape. Ask the children to draw that shape (or one of their choosing) "in the middle" of their paper as the monster's "torso." Explain that a "torso" is the middle body part of a creature, the part on which the head sits.
Step 4
Introduce texture words to the kids. Show them "wavy," "straight" and "curly" lines, and have them draw some on either side of the torso to represent arms. Make sure they know it's okay to ask you if they're unsure what the words mean. To make the vocabulary lesson a little more involved, you can have the kids draw one type of arm on the "right" side and a different type on the "left" side.
Step 5
Continue your lesson on body parts, texture and position by asking the children where "feet" would be placed on the monster. Once you have determined that the feet go "under" the torso, show them how to draw both "floppy" and "flat" feet. Let them choose which type to draw.
Step 6
Encourage children to make their monsters more lifelike by adding "pointy" or "curved" ears "above" the monster's head.
Step 7
Allow the kids to add details to their monsters, stipulating only that the monster must have "eyes," a "mouth" and some recognizable shapes somewhere on its body.
Step 8
Finish creating monsters. Have the kids finish their monster pieces by putting a "sun" in the "corner" of the picture and "grass" on the "bottom" of it. Then share the monsters you have created.
Knowing what words to teach is the first step in providing effective vocabulary practice. We have a favorite mnemonic device that helps me remember the types of words we want to teach explicitly: Type A Words, Type B Words, Type C Words, Type D Word, Type X Words. We have to know the steps to teach vocab to children and understand which topic children like. From that we can know and analyze how to teach vocabulary well to them.
CRITIC AND SUGGESTION
This paper show about “how to teach vocabulary for children”. Not all aspect about children learn vocabulary that we can show to reader. We hope a suggestion to make perfect our paper. And we hope after reading this paper reader can understand and get ne knowledge to teach vocabulary for children.
dreams are not illusion but they are the aims that need to be reached by us. write down your dream!! however all of them will not come true at the same time...
